LinuxCNC is a software system for computer control of machine tools such as milling machines and lathes.
LinuxCNC is free software with open source code.
LinuxCNC provides, several graphical user interfaces including one for touch screens.
G Codes
| G Code | Description |
|---|---|
| G0 | Rapid Linear Motion |
| G1 | Linear Feed |
| G2 | CW Arc Feed |
| G3 | CCW Arc Feed |
| G4 | Dwell |
| G5.1 | Quadratic B-Spline |
| G5.2 G5.3 | NURBs Block |
| G7 | Diameter Mode (lathe) |
| G8 | Radius Mode (lathe) |
| G10 L1 | Set Tool Table Entry |
| G10 L10 | Set Tool Table, Calculated, Workpiece |
| G10 L11 | Set Tool Table, Calculated, Fixture |
| G10 L2 | Coordinate System Origin Setting |
| G10 L20 | Coordinate System Origin Setting Calculated |
| G17 | XY Plane |
| G18 | ZX Plane |
| G19 | YZ Plane |
| G17.1 | UV Plane |
| G18.1 | WU Plane |
| G19.1 | VW Plan |
| G20 | Inch Units |
| G21 | Millimeter Units |
| G28 | Go to Predefined Position |
| G28.1 | Store Current Absolute Position for G28 |
| G30 | Go to Predefined Position |
| G30.1 | Store Current Absolute Position for G30 |
| G33 | Spindle Synchronized Motion |
| G33.1 | Rigid Tapping |
| G38.2 – G38.5 | Probing |
| G38.2 | Probe toward workpiece, stop on contact, signal error if failure |
| G38.3 | Probe toward workpiece, stop on contact |
| G38.4 | Probe away from workpiece, stop on loss of contact, signal error if failure |
| G38.5 | Probe away from workpiece, stop on loss of contact |
| G40 | Cutter Compensation Cancel |
| G41 | Cutter Compensation Left of Path |
| G42 | Cutter Compensation Right of Path |
| G41.1 | Dynamic Cutter Compensation Left of Path |
| G42.1 | Dynamic Cutter Compensation Right of Path |
| G43 | Tool Length Offset |
| G43.1 | Dynamic Tool Length Offset |
| G49 | Cancel Tool Length Offset |
| G53 | Motion in Machine Coordinate System |
| G54 | Select Coordinate System 1 |
| G55 | Select Coordinate System 2 |
| G56 | Select Coordinate System 3 |
| G57 | Select Coordinate System 4 |
| G58 | Select Coordinate System 5 |
| G59 | Select Coordinate System 6 |
| G59.1 | Select Coordinate System 7 |
| G59.2 | Select Coordinate System 8 |
| G59.3 | Select Coordinate System 9 |
| G61 | Exact Path Mode (Path Control Mode) |
| G61.1 | Exact Path Mode (Path Control Mode) |
| G64 | Path Control Mode with Optional Tolerance |
| G73 | Drilling Cycle with Chip Breaking |
| G76 | Multi-pass Threading Cycle (Lathe) |
| G80 | Cancel Canned Cycle |
| G81 | Drilling Cycle |
| G82 | Drilling Cycle with Dwell |
| G83 | Peck Drilling Cycle |
| G85 | Boring Cycle, Feed Out |
| G86 | Boring Cycle, Spindle Stop, Rapid Out |
| G89 | Boring Cycle, Dwell, Feed Out |
| G90 | Absolute Distance Mode |
| G91 | Incremental Distance Mode |
| G90.1 | Absolute Distance Mode for Arc (I, J & K offsets) |
| G91.1 | Incremental Distance Mode for Arc (I, J & K offsets) |
| G92 | Coordinate System Offset |
| G92.1 | Cancel Coordinate System Offsets |
| G92.2 | Cancel Coordinate System Offsets |
| G92.3 | Restore Axis Offsets |
| G93 | Inverse Time Mode |
| G94 | Units per Minute Mode |
| G95 | Units per Revolution Mode |
| G96 | Constant Surface Speed |
| G97 | RPM Mode |
| G98 | Retract to Start Position (Canned Cycle Z Retract Mode) |
| G99 | Retract to R Position (Canned Cycle Z Retract Mode) |
M Codes
| M Code | Description |
|---|---|
| M0 M1 | Program Pause |
| M2 M30 | Program End |
| M60 | Pallet Change Pause |
| M3 M4 M5 | Spindle Control |
| M6 | Tool Change |
| M7 M8 M9 | Coolant Control |
| M48 M49 | Feed / Spindle Overrides Enable/Disable |
| M50 | Feed Override Control |
| M51 | Spindle Override Control |
| M52 | Adaptive Feed Control |
| M53 | Feed Stop Control |
| M61 | Set Current Tool Number |
| M62-M65 | Output Control |
| M66 | Input Control |
| M67 | Analog Output Control |
| M68 | Analog Output Control |
| M100-M199 | User Defined M codes |
Binary Operators
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| + | Addition |
| – | Subtraction |
| * | Multiplication |
| / | Division |
| OR | Non-exclusive or |
| XOR | Exclusive or |
| AND | Logical and |
| MOD | Modulus operation |
| ** | Power operation |
| EQ | Equality (EQ) |
| NE | Inequality (NE) |
| GT | Strictly greater than |
| GE | Greater than or equal to |
| LT | Strictly less than |
| LE | Less than or equal to |
Functions
| Function Name | Function Result |
|---|---|
| ATAN[Y]/[X] | Four quadrant inverse tangent |
| ABS[arg] | Absolute value |
| ACOS[arg] | Inverse cosine |
| ASIN[arg] | Inverse sine |
| COS[arg] | Cosine |
| EXP[arg] | e raised to the given power |
| FIX[arg] | Round down to integer |
| FUP[arg] | Round up to integer |
| ROUND[arg] | Round to nearest integer |
| LN[arg] | Base-e logarithm |
| SIN[arg] | Sine |
| SQRT[arg] | Square Root |
| TAN[arg] | Tangent |
| EXISTS[arg] | Check named Parameter |
Words Letters
| Letter | Meaning |
|---|---|
| A | A axis of machine |
| B | B axis of machine |
| C | C axis of machine |
| D | Tool radius compensation number |
| F | Feed rate |
| G | General function (See table Modal Groups) |
| H | Tool length offset index |
| I | X offset for arcs and G87 canned cycles |
| J | Y offset for arcs and G87 canned cycles |
| K | Z offset for arcs and G87 canned cycles. Spindle-Motion Ratio for G33 synchronized movements. |
| M | Miscellaneous function (See table Modal Groups) |
| N | Line number |
| P | Dwell time in canned cycles and with G4. Key used with G10. |
| Q | Feed increment in G73, G83 canned cycles |
| R | Arc radius or canned cycle plane |
| S | Spindle speed |
| T | Tool selection |
| U | U axis of machine |
| V | V axis of machine |
| W | W axis of machine |
| X | X axis of machine |
| Y | Y axis of machine |
| Z | Z axis of machine |
| / | Block delete |
| () | Comments |
| ; | Comments |
| MSG, | Messages |
Common Error Messages
G code out of range
A G code greater than G99 was used, the scope of G codes in LinuxCNC is 0 – 99. Not every number between 0 and 99 is a valid G code.
Unknown g code used
A G code was used that is not part of the LinuxCNC G code language.
i,j,k word with no Gx to use it
i, j and k words must be used on the same line as the G code.
Cannot use axis values without a g code that uses them
Axis values can not be used on a line without either a modal G code in effect or a G code on the same line.
File ended with no percent sign or program end
Every G code file must end in a M2 or M30 or be wrapped with the percent sign %.
